ASD
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with symptoms that include "persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities." These symptoms result from underlying challenges in a child’s ability to take in the world through his senses, and to use his body and thoughts to respond to it.
When these challenges are significant, they interfere with a child’s ability to grow and learn, and may lead to a diagnosis of autism. Though a child may share a common diagnosis with other children, each has a unique pattern of development and functioning. Each child is unique in his processing of sensory and other information, and his motor planning. Some children are over reactive to sensations, such as touch and sound, while others are under reactive. Some children have relatively strong auditory memories, and can memorize entire scripts; others have relatively strong visual memories. ASD begins before the age of 3 years and can last throughout a person’s life, although symptoms may improve over time. Some children show ASD symptoms within the first 12 months of life. In others, symptoms may not show up until 24 months or later. Some children with ASD gain new skills and meet developmental milestones, until around 18 to 24 months of age and then they stop gaining new skills, or they lose the skills they once had.
Examples of social communication and social interaction characteristics related to ASD can include:
Avoids or does not keep eye contact
Does not respond to name by 9 months of age
Does not show facial expressions like happy, sad, angry, and surprised by 9 months of age
Does not play simple interactive games like pat-a-cake by 12 months of age
Uses few or no gestures by 12 months of age (e.g., does not wave goodbye)
Does not share interests with others (e.g., shows you an object that he or she likes by 15 months of age)
Does not point or look at what you point to by 18 months of age
Does not notice when others are hurt or sad by 24 months of age
Does not pretend in play (e.g., does not pretend to “feed” a doll by 30 months of age)
Shows little interest in peers
Has trouble understanding other people’s feelings or talking about own feelings at 36 months of age or older
Does not play games with turn taking by 60 months of age
Examples of restricted or repetitive interests and behaviors related to ASD can include:
Lines up toys or other objects and gets upset when order is changed
Repeats words or phrases over and over (i.e., echolalia)
Plays with toys the same way every time
Is focused on parts of objects (e.g., wheels)
Gets upset by minor changes
Has obsessive interests
Must follow certain routines
Flaps hands, rocks body, or spins self in circles
Has unusual reactions to the way things sound, smell, taste, look, or feel
Always stay positive. Children with ASD respond best to positive reinforcement. Be sure to talk about or reward good behavior often. Be generous with compliments for good behavior.
Ignore irritating attention-getting behavior. A child with ASD may act badly at times to get you to focus on them. Ignoring this behavior is often the best way to prevent it. Also talk about and reward the child's good behavior often.
Interact through physical activity. Children with ASD tend to have short attention spans. This is especially true when it comes to communicating. Running around and playing outside may be a better way of sharing time together. It will also let them relax and feel calmer.
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